# All Questions

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### How can I predict an anomaly based on FFT of multiple signals?

I have 999 signals, each with separate day timestamp, each T=10s long, sampled with fs=25kHz. This gives N=250,000 samples in total. My task was to obtain the averaged magnitude spectrum for each ...
2 views

### Is there a way to provide multiple masks to BERT in MLM task?

I'm facing a situation where I've to fetch probabilities from BERT MLM for multiple words in a single sentence. ...
4 views

### Find object's location in an area using computer vision

I'm trying to see how to detect the location of a soccer ball in the field using the live camera. What are some ways to achieve this? 1- Assuming we have a fixed camera with a wide shot. How to find ...
7 views

### Should binary feature be in one or two columns in deep neural networks?

Let's assume I have a simple feedforward neural network whose input contains binary 0/1 features and output is also binary two classes. Is it better, worse or maybe totally indifferent, for every of ...
10 views

### Should the exploration rate be updated at the end of the episode or every at step?

My agent uses an $\epsilon$-greedy strategy to learn. The exploration rate (i.e. $\epsilon$) decays throughout the training. I've seen examples where people update $\epsilon$ every time an action is ...
15 views

### What are the best parameters to achieve a low error rate and avoid overfitting?

Can you get a low loss and training error rate?. Recommendation, you cannot use neural networks I think that with spiral data it is somewhat complex to find parameters that reduce the training error. ...
19 views

### Get object's orientation or angle after object detection

I'm trying to get a detected car's orientation when object detection is applied. For instance, when we apply object detection on a car and get a bounding box, is there any ways or methods to calculate ...
8 views

### sklearn.exceptions.NotFittedError: This LabelEncoder instance is not fitted yet [migrated]

I'm trying to run a voice recognition code from Github HERE that analyzes voice. There is an example in final_results_gender_test.ipynb that illustrates the steps ...
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### How would named recognition and entity linking interface with subsequent machine learning model?

I have a database containing summary of the movie, the price of the movie, location, language. I would like to make a prediction on 'like' based on previous like of a user. I am wonder how the output ...
12 views

### How to afine the extremity values in regression prediction with Keras?

I made a stack of bidirectional LSTM layers following by Dense layers (with swish activation functions) in order to predict a continuous value between 0 and 2. I compiled the model with ...
8 views

### Gap in IoU between train and val

I am trying to train a Unet network with Synthetic data to do binary segmentation due to the fact that is is not easy to collect real data. And there is something in the training process that I do not ...
20 views

### Machine learning, computer vision & image processing algorithms for flags recognition and its significance [closed]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag Are there Machine learning, computer vision & image processing algorithms which will detect flags images in the world, name the country & give the ...
9 views

### Resize image in object detection task of computer vision

In object detection, they usually resize by keeping the ratio the same as the original image, which usually names "letterbox" resize. My question is: Why we need to do that? As I see with ...
15 views

### Network in Network Architecture NOT 1x1 (CNNs)

I am reading the Network in Network paper, and this is the equation they introduce for their "mlpconv" paper: This paper is largely recognized for introducing 1x1 convolutions but the ...
17 views

### Distinguish between handwritten compound fraction and subtraction

I am working in a project name "Handwritten Math Evaluation" SO what basically happen in this is that there are 11 classes of (0 - 9) and (+,-) each containing 50 clean handwritten digits in ...
16 views

### What are the state-of-the-art results in OpenAI's gym environments?

What are the state-of-the-art results in OpenAI's gym environments? Is there a link to a paper/article that describes them and how these SOTA results were calculated?
24 views

### How to manually draw a $k$-NN decision boundary with $k=1$ given the dataset and labels?

How to manually draw a $k$-NN decision boundary with $k=1$ knowing the dataset the labels are and the euclidean distance between two points is defined as
38 views

### Are there any rules for choosing batch size? [duplicate]

I am training a CNN with a batch size of 128, but I have some fluctuations in the validation loss, which are greater than one. I want to increase my batch size to 150 or 200, but, in the code examples ...
4 views

### Changing the input size and hyperparameter for Pre-trained Artchitecture

Let's say if my inputs are 32x32 images with 3 different classes. In order to use AlexNet (256x256 input size) architecture, I change the hyperparameters and input size of the AlexNet architecture. ...
16 views

### How do I derive the gradient of the log-likelihood of an RBM?

In a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), the likelihood function is: $$p(\mathbf{v};\mathbf{\theta}) = \frac{1}{Z} \sum_{\mathbf{h}} e^{-E(\mathbf{v},\mathbf{h};\mathbf{\theta})}$$ Where $E$ is the ...
7 views

### Getting bounding box/boundaries from segmentations in UNet Nuclei Segmentation

From my understanding, in a tissue where nuclei are present and need to be detected, we need to predict bounding boxes (either rectangular/circular or in the shape of the nucleus, i.e. as in instance ...
18 views

### How to use Deep Q-Network with two-dimensional input? Hands-on Machine Learning 2

I'm studying with the book Hands-on Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras and TensorFlow, and I'm trying to implement the Deep Q-Network example that can be found on Github but that the input ...
14 views

### Is it correct to sum rows of Softmax Jacobian Matrix to reduce the matrix to a vector?

It is obviously possible, but would it be correct, if I am not working with the cross-entropy, but rather with sum-square error function? (so I want to compute the pure derivative of only the softmax ...
9 views

### Why do we add additional axis in CNN autoencoder while denoising?

I am currently learning about autoencoders and I follow https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/generative/autoencoder When denoising images, authors of tutorial add an additional axis to the data and I ...
15 views

### Loss function for network

I am training an reinforcement algorithm to play cartpole .I have a collection of 6 nodes. One of the nodes if on moves the cart left, another , if on moves the cart right. Currently what I have done ...
26 views

### Evolved networks fail to solve XOR

My implementation of NEAT consistently fails to solve XOR completely. The species converge on different sub-optimal networks which map all input examples but one correctly (most commonly (1,1,0)). Do ...
21 views

### My Neural net accuracy is low. Could my fix be Bias?

If I normalize my inputs and output between 0 and 1, then do I really need to worry about a neural net bias? My 4 inputs and 4 outputs are uniformly distributed between 0 and 1. I am using: loss=tf....
27 views

### Are there any reinforcement learning benchmarks where the optimal policy is known for each environment?

There are multiple reinforcement learning (RL) benchmarks (i.e. a set of environments where we can test our RL algorithms), for example, the DeepMind Control Suite. However, given that I am currently ...
13 views

### Determining observation and state spaces for viterbi algorithm in a simple word recognition system using HMM

The system I'm trying to implement is a microcontroller with a connected microphone which have to recognise single words. the feature extraction is done using MFCC (and is working). the system have ...
21 views

### Are there deep neural networks that have inputs connected with deeper hidden layers?

Are there any architectures of deep neural networks that connect input neurons not only with first hidden layer but also with deeper ones (red lines on the picture)? If so could you give some names ...
21 views

### Genetic algorithm stuck and cannot find an optimal solution

I'm working on SLAP (storage location assignment problem) using genetic algorithm implemented manually in the C++ programming language. The problem is fairly simple, we do have ...
16 views

### Is intelligent image processing divided into analog image processing and digital image processing? [closed]

I'm a high school student, and I want to know about Intelligent image processing. Is intelligent image processing divided into analog image processing and digital image processing? And, is image ...
24 views

### What is the justification for Kaiming He initialization?

I've been trying to understand where the formulas for Xavier and Kaiming He initialization come from. My understanding is that these initialization schemes come from a desire to keep the gradients ...
15 views

### Which is more accurate between HRnet-w48 and HigherHRnet-w48 for single person pose estimation?

When I started to look into the deep High-Resolution Net paper, I came to know about the HigherHRNet and the Bottom Up HRNet as well. But I can't find any metrics or proof on which is better for a ...
36 views

### How do you measure multi-label classification accuracy?

Multi-label assignment is the task in machine learning to assign to each input value a set of categories from a fixed vocabulary where the categories need not be statistically independent, so ...
33 views

### How does one stack multiple observations in the input layer of a convolutional neural network?

The paper, Deep Recurrent Q-Learning for Partially Observable MDPs, talks about stacking multiple observations in the input of a convolutional neural network. How does this exactly work? Do the ...
43 views

### Applications of Information Theory in Machine Learning

How is information theory applied to machine learning, and in particular to deep learning, in practice? I'm more interested in concepts that yielded concrete innovations in ML, rather than theoretical ...
38 views

### How can I generate artificial conversations between two ai's.(Python)

I am building an artificial town that has randomly generated people with different personalities. I already have most of the code done but I ran into a problem. I don't know how I could generate ...
31 views

### Unable to meet desired mean squared error

I wish to get MSE < 0.5 on test data (https://easyupload.io/zr7xf3) which is 20% of given data chosen randomly. But I am reaching 0.73 using both plain Ridge Regression as well as a neural network ...
25 views

### Training Object Detection model on just 10 images

I am trying to train an object detection model using Mask-RCNN with Resnet50 as backbone. I am using the pre-trained models from PyTorch's Torchvision library. I have only 10 images that I can use to ...
13 views

### Cause of Exploding NLLLoss [migrated]

I have been trying to make Transformer based language model, for the loss function Negative Log-likelihood is implemented. For some reason, after a few iterations, there is a steep increase in ...
36 views

### What is the reason for taking tuples as vectors rather than points?

Across the literature of artificial intelligence, especially machine learning, it is normal to treat the tuples of datasets as vectors. Although there is a convention to treat them as data points. ...
53 views

### Why perceptron criterion function is differentiable?

I'm reading the chapter one of the book called "Neural Networks and Deep Learning" from Charu C. Aggargal. In the section 1.2.1.1 of the book, I'm learning about the perceptron. One thing ...
25 views

### Support Vector Machine Convert optimisation problem from argmax to argmin

I'm new to the AI Stackexchange and wasn't certain if this should go here or to Maths instead but thought the context with ML may be useful to understand my problem. I hope posting this question here ...
31 views

### Purpose of the hidden variables in a Restricted Boltzmann Machine

From the part titled Introducing Latent Variables under subsection 2.2 in this tutorial: Introducing Latent Variables. Suppose we want to model an $m$-dimensional unknown probability distribution $q$ ...
14 views

### Need loss function for 1d partition of segment into smaller segments

My problem is as follows: I have a long segment [say, 100000 samples] as input. Regardless of the method, I need to output a partition of this segment into k sub ...
29 views

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### mujoco environment in openai gym: observation and action explanation and control

I am new to RL and mujoco. I just set up mujoco and am testing the FetchPickAndPlace environment. I called the following methods: env.action_space.sample() returns ...
Consider the scenario in which I am measuring certain $f(a,x)$, which i want to be the target value for some related input $g(a,x)$. In other words, I am trying to map $$g(a,x)\Rightarrow f(a,x)$$ I ...