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Which is more popular/common way of representing a gradient in AI community: as a row or column vector?

Consider the following remark about writing gradients from the chapter named Vector Calculus from the test book titled Mathematics for Machine Learning by Marc Peter Deisenroth et al. Remark (...
hanugm's user avatar
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What is the rigorous and formal definition for the direction pointed by a gradient?

Consider the following definition of derivative from the chapter named Vector Calculus from the test book titled Mathematics for Machine Learning by Marc Peter Deisenroth et al. Definition 5.2 (...
hanugm's user avatar
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How many directions of gradients exist for a function in higher dimensional space?

Gradients are used in optimization algorithms. Based on the values of gradients, we generally update the weights of a neural network. It is known that gradients have a direction and the direction ...
hanugm's user avatar
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What all does the gradient tells us other than the direction to move parameters?

Gradients are used in optimization algorithms. I know that a gradient gives us information about the direction in which one needs to update the weights of a neural network. We need to travel in the ...
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Why is the derivative of this objective function 0 if the policy is deterministic?

In the Berkeley RL class CS294-112 Fa18 9/5/18, they mention the following gradient would be 0 if the policy is deterministic. $$ \nabla_{\theta} J(\theta)=E_{\tau \sim \pi_{\theta}(\tau)}\left[\left(\...
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