Questions tagged [convolutional-layers]
For questions related to convolutional layers, which are layers that perform the convolution (or cross-correlation) operation.
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What do people refer to when they use the word 'dimensionality' in the context of convolutional layer?
In practical applications, we generally talk about three types of convolution layers: 1-dimensional convolution, 2-dimensional convolution, and 3-dimensional convolution. Most popular packages like ...
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How do convolutional layers of basic Graph Convolutional Networks work?
I was reading the following article on Towards Data Science (here) and it says the following, regarding the calculation of convolutional layers:
So the overall steps are:
Transform the graph into ...
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1answer
49 views
How do CNNs handle inputs of different sizes and shapes?
I am new to deep learning so feel free to correct me where I am wrong.
Imagine this scenario where we have a 7 * 7 input. We want to slide a 3 * 3 filter with a stride of 3 and padding of zero over ...
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How can equivariance to translation be a benefit of a CNN?
I just learnt about the properties of equivariance and invariance to translation and other transformations.
Being invariant to translation is clearly an advantage, as even if the input gets shifted, ...
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1answer
35 views
Given an input of shape $(3, 32, 32)$, which is convolved with a $(3 \times 3)$ kernel, how do I calculate the FLOPS?
I have an input tensor of shape $\mathbf{(3, 32, 32)}$ consisting of 3 channels, 16 rows, and 16 columns. I want to convolve the input tensor using $\mathbf{(3 \times 3)}$ kernel/filter. How can I ...
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What is the significance behind having small kernel sizes over having one large kernel size that covers the entire input in a CNN?
I have hardly ever seen anyone cover the entire input image with a filter of the same dimensions. I was wondering why that is the case, and if the performance in say, an image detection application ...
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2answers
55 views
Why do we lose detail of an image as we go deeper into a ConvNet?
I was reading this research paper titled 'Image Style Transfer using Convolutional Neural Networks' which as the title suggests was based on Neural Style Transfer. I came across this line which didn't ...
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1answer
60 views
Is "kernel" different from "filter" in convolutional neural networks?
Recently I asked a question on how a convolution 2d layer changes an RGB image into a grayscale image. Assume that our task is to convert an RGB image into a grayscale image. I use to believe that ...
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60 views
Why do we add 1 in the formula to calculate the shape of the output of the convolution?
In the formula to calculate output shape of tensor after convolution operation
$$
W_2 = (W_1-F+2P)/S + 1,
$$
where:
$W_2$ is the output shape of the tensor
$W_1$ is the input shape
$F$ is the filter ...
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1answer
84 views
Confusion about conversion of RGB image to grayscale image using a convolutional layer with 2-dimensional filters
Let us imagine $x$ as a tensor containing 1000 RGB images, each of size $64 \times 32$.
...
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Is there any animation that illustrates the "fold" and "unfold" operations of convolutional layers?
There are fourteen convolution layers in PyTorch. Among them six are related to convolution, another six are related to transposed convolution. The remaining two are fold and unfold operations.
The ...
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74 views
What gets optimized in convolutional neural network?
In a convolutional neural network, the hyperparameters such as number of kernels and stride, kernel size, etc are determined. After some combination of convolutions, ReLU and pooling layer there is ...
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1answer
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Are these visualisations the filters of the convolution layer or the convolved images with the filters?
There are several images related to convolutional networks on the Internet, an example of which I have given below
My question is: are these images the weights/filters of the convolution layer (the ...
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39 views
How to implement a (3 + 2)-dimensional convolutional layer where the 2d space is "internal"?
I am trying to train a CNN to learn 5D (kind of) data. The data is structured as follows. It has three spatial dimensions [x, y, z], but it also has two "...
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153 views
Convolutional Layer Multichannel Backpropagation Implementation
I have been working on coding a CNN in python from scratch using numpy as a semester project and I think I have successfully implemented it up to backpropagation in the MaxPool Layers. However, my ...
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Which layer to route out of layers of same width and height in Yolo implementation?
In Yolo configuration files (like yolo3.cfg in dark-net), there are many layers with output of same height and width due to ...
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0answers
62 views
Error in MobileNet V1 Architecture?
From the architecture table of the first MobileNet paper, a depthwise convolution with stride 2 and an input of 7x7x1024 is followed by a pointwise convolution with the same input dimensions, 7x7x1024....
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1answer
65 views
How do you pass the image from one convolutional layer to another in a CNN?
I am currently trying to write a CNN from scratch, but I don't understand how to feed the information from a max-pooling layer to the next convolutional layer. Specifically, I don't know what to do ...
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1answer
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What is the use of the regular convolutional layer in expansion path of U-Net?
I was going through the paper on U-Net. U-net consists of a contracting path followed by an expanding path. Both the paths use a regular convolutional layer. I understand the use of convolutional ...
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Do filters have as many layers as the depth of the input in CNNs? [duplicate]
Firstly as an example here is the architecture of YOLOv2
I am trying to understand the depth of an output of a convolutional layer. For example, the first convolutional layer has the shape 3x3x32. So ...
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0answers
18 views
Add Additional Positional Information to Image Classification Neural Network
I am trying to find the best way to provide a neural network with both an image and some annotations about the image. Specifically, I'm creating a network to calculate an approximate 'cost' to go from ...
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34 views
Is the 3d convolution associative given that it can be represented as matrix multiplication?
I'm trying to understand if a 3D convolution of the sort performed in a convolutional layer of a CNN is associative. Specifically, is the following true:
$$
X \otimes(W \cdot Q)=(X \otimes W) \cdot Q,
...
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2answers
534 views
What is the need for so many filters in a CNN?
Consider the following coding line related to CNNS
Conv2D(64, (3,3), strides=(2, 2), padding='same')
It is a convolution layer with filter size $3 \times 3$ and ...
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3answers
76 views
DQN not learning and step not stepping towards target
I am trying to create a simple Deep Q-Network with 2d convolutional layers.
I can't figure out what I am doing wrong, and the only thing I can see that doesn't seem right is when I get the model ...
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1answer
151 views
What is the intuition behind the number of filters/channels for each convolutional layer?
After having chosen the number of layers for a convolutional neural network, we must also choose the number of filters/channels for each convolutional layer.
The intuition behind the filter's spatial ...
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2answers
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Is the stride applied both in the horizontal and vertical directions in convolutional neural networks?
In the convolutional layer for CNNs, when you specify the stride of a filter, typical notes show some examples of this but only for the horizontal panning. Is this same stride applied for the vertical ...
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36 views
What does "convolve k filters" mean in the AlphaGo paper?
On page 27 of the DeepMind AlphaGo paper appears the following sentence:
The first hidden layer zero pads the input into a $23 \times 23$ image, then convolves $k$ filters of kernel size $5 \times 5$ ...
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1answer
66 views
Do all filters of the same convolutional layer need to have the same dimensions and stride?
In Convolutional Neural Networks, do all filters of the same convolutional layer need to have the same dimensions and stride?
If they don't, then it would seem the channel produced by each filter ...
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0answers
71 views
How can the FCNN reduce the dimensions of the input from $1048 \times 100$ to $523 \times 100$ with max-pooling?
I am trying to implement a paper on Image tempering detection and localization, the paper is Image Manipulation Detection and Localization Based on the Dual-Domain Convolutional Neural Networks, I was ...
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0answers
43 views
Why does the number of channels in the PointNet increase as we go deeper?
For example, in PointNet, you see the 1D convolutions with the following channels 64 -> 128 -> 1024. Why not e.g. ...
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1answer
86 views
Can fully connected layers be used for feature detection?
I need help in understanding something basic.
In this video, Andrew Ng says, essentially, that convolutional layers are better than fully connected (FC) layers because they use fewer parameters.
But I'...
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When to use convolutional layers as opposed to fully connected layers?
I am still new to CNNs, but I would like to check my understanding between when to use convolutional layers versus fully connected layers.
From what I have read, we can use convolutional layers with ...
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1answer
207 views
What is the point of using 1D and 2D convolutions with a kernel size of 1 and 1x1 respectively?
I understand the gist of what convolutional neural networks do and what they are used for, but I still wrestle a bit with how they function on a conceptual level. For example, I get that filters with ...
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1answer
185 views
How is the depth of filters of hidden layers determined?
I am a bit confused about the depth of the convolutional filters in a CNN.
At layer 1, there are usually about 40 3x3x3 filters. Each of these filters outputs a 2d array, so the total output of the ...
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0answers
23 views
Wasserstein GAN with non-negative weights in the critic
I want to train a WGAN where the convolution layers in the critic are only allowed to have non-negative weights (for a technical reason). The biases, nonetheless, can take both +/- values. There is no ...
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1answer
165 views
Why do the inputs and outputs of a convolutional layer usually have the same depth?
Here's the famous VGG-16 model.
Do the inputs and outputs of a convolutional layer, before pooling, usually have the same depth? What's the reason for that?
Is there a theory or paper trying to ...
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1answer
48 views
If I wanted to calculate multiple feature maps in a convolutional layer, should the filters be trained individually?
Assume I have an input of size $32 \times 32 \times 3$ and pass it to a convolution layer. Now, if my kernel size were to be $5 \times 5 \times 3$ and the depth of my convolution layer were to be 1, ...
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3answers
300 views
How are the dimensions of the feature maps produced by the convolutional layer determined in VGG-16?
I'm trying to understand how the dimensions of the feature maps produced by the convolution are determined in a ConvNet.
Let's take, for instance, the VGG-16 architecture. How do I get from 224x224x3 ...
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3answers
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How is the depth of the input related to the depth of the output of a convolutional layer?
Let's suppose I have an image with 16 channels that goes to a convolutional layer, which has 3 trainable $7 \times 7$ filters, so the output of this layer has depth 3.
How does the convolutional layer ...
