Questions tagged [knowledge-representation]
For questions about methods/intuitions/proofs/improvements in the knowledge representation in a problem to be solved by Artificially Intelligent agent.
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How do language models know what they don't know - and report it?
Again and again I ask myself what goes on in a pre-trained transformer-based language model (like ChatGPT9) when it comes to "know" that it cannot give an appropriate answer and either
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Can an LLM such as GPT learn from a sentence prediction that is close in meaning but drastically different in wording?
Consider this example: husband cheats on wife, AI predicts that wife gets angry. AI predicts that wife may either scream or throw things, with screaming a higher probability. Turns out in reality ...
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How to relate the definition for entailment, with soundness and completeness?
Is it fair enough to say for a language model, φ, which makes certain variable A true, and if φ also makes another variable B true, then we can conclude:
A ⊨ B
And for a certain inference calculus c,...
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Are my attempts to write "There exists a student studying all the subjects of the information technology subject" in FOL correct? [closed]
I have the following sentence, which I need to write in FOL
There exists a student studying all the subjects of the information technology subject
I don't know how $\forall$ can be combined with the ...
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ANN Input vector representing a network of contests's outcomes between thousands of individuals?
Let's say I have 1000 participants within a tournament, each of the participants having a single ID. One instance of this tournament is a 1 vs 1 contest when one wins and the other loses.
Now let's ...
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How to develop an Entity linking system able to detect custom entities?
I am trying to build an entity linking system that links entities found in a text to entities on Wikipedia. If no Wikipedia page seems to match this entity, the systems will assume to have found a new ...
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What are other types of knowledge bases except entity-entric KB?
I learned a term entity-centric knowledge base, then I wonder what the non entity-centric knowledge graphs are?
I googled by keys words "entity-centric knowledge base vs" and got some ...
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Knowledge graph progress from 2012 to 2022?
I watched this lecture by professor Xin Wang, and a picture in the beginning interested me:
The confusing thing is that this lecture was delivered on Sep. 19, 2022, but it seems from the diagram ...
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Reasoning about 2d spatial square configuration
I am trying to use RCC8 algebra relations and axioms in order to tackle the following problem :
We consider the below configuration and square $x$ such that "$x$ NTPP $a$" and "$x$ TPP $...
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Knowledge representation and reasoning(KRR) over a Image scene: Neurosymbolic AI
What are the ways and SOTA in domain of knowledge representation and reasoning over scene. Suppose there are 3 objects in the scene and which objects needs to be picked first among them is governed by ...
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How do I show the relationship between theories and models using Conceptual Graphs?
The Mereology Theory below contains three first-order axioms that represent a part of a mereology theory. For this posting, it is important that the set of axioms should be considered as a theory.
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Is there some way for us to know if the neural network internally finds an association between labels?
I have a question about the association between labels. Say my neural network performs multi-labeling in its output layer. Now, if one of the labels is for whether a person lives in city $X$, another ...
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How are theories represented using Conceptual Graphs?
Theory 1 shows three axioms and two definitions, written in First Order Logic (FOL), that represents a fragment of a mereology theory. For this posting, it is important that the set of axioms is ...
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Apart from ontologies, which other methods for knowledge representation are there in Artificial Intelligence?
From what I have been reading, I see statements like
Ontology is a common method used for knowledge representation in
artificial intelligence.
But there is never really a discussion around what ...
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What algorithm to use to classify data by spatial relations?
Let's assume I have dataset of image-like 2D samples where values can be divided into few discrete levels (for example 1, 2, 3 and 4) like in the image below, where each color maps different value, ...
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How to add prior information when predicting using deep learning models?
Background
I'm building a binary classification model for a pair match problem using CNN, e.g. whether person A1 likes product B1 or not. Model input features are sequence features (text descriptions) ...
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What are the differences between a knowledge base and a knowledge graph?
During my readings, I have seen many authors using the two terms interchangeably, i.e. as if they refer to the same thing. However, we all know about Google's first quotation of "knowledge graph&...
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How can I draw a conceptual dependency for the statement "Place all ingredients in a bowl and mix thoroughly"?
I stumbled across a question asking to draw a conceptual dependency for the following statement:
Place all ingredients in a bowl and mix thoroughly
My attempt so far
Explanation: Both the sender ...
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What would be a good internal language for an AI?
For an AI to represent the world, it would be good if it could translate human sentences into something more precise.
We know, for example, that mathematics can be built up from set theory. So ...
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How would we define a set that contains itself within a knowledge ontology?
How would we define a set that contains itself within a knowledge ontology?
I am thinking that set membership would probably inherit from a generic base class of total containment from which both ...
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Is the Assumption-based Truth Maintenance System still used?
Is the Assumption-based Truth Maintenance System still used to maintain consistency while explicitly accounting for assumptions?
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Who is working on explaining the knowledge encoded into machine learning models? [duplicate]
The thing about machine learning (ML) that worries me is that "knowledge" acquired in ML is hidden: we usually can't explain the criteria or methods used by the machine to provide an answer ...
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What is the difference between a semantic network and an ontology?
What is the difference between a semantic network and an ontology? How are they related? I have not found any article that describes how these two concepts are related.
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How would an AI understand grids?
OK, now I think an AI must view grids in a different way to computers.
For example a computer would represent a grid like this:
...
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Is unsupervised disentanglement really impossible?
In Locatello et al's Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations he claims to prove unsupervised disentanglement is impossible.
His entire claim is ...
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Why do we need common sense in AI?
Let's consider this example:
It's John's birthday, let's buy him a kite.
We humans most likely would say the kite is a birthday gift, if asked why it's being bought; and we refer to this reasoning ...
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Is there any readily available concept/topic tree?
I am looking for dataset in tree structure that captures the hierarchy of concepts.
For example, something like,
...
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What is the difference between Knowledge Representation and Automated Reasoning?
Knowledge Representation and Automated Reasoning are two AI subfields which seem to have something to do with reasoning.
However, I can't find any information online about their relationship. Are ...
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Are Relational DBs and SQL used in Expert Systems?
In the book Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence, a large and intricate chapter (chapter 14) is dedicated to Expert Systems. In these systems, a knowledge-database is represented through ...
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Formulation of a sentence using FOL
I want to formulate the following sentence using FOL; I want also to know whether there any contradictions in it, or if it is consistent.
Assuming human relations are binary:
All Human Relations ...
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Learning similarities between customers and offers representation
I am interested in a framework for learning the similarity of different input representations based on some common context. I have looked into word2vec, SVD and siamese networks, all of which are ...
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When is a knowledge base consistent?
I am studying a knowledge base (KB) from the book "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach" (by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig) and from this series of slides.
A formula is satisfiable ...
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What are the current trends/open questions in logics for knowledge representation?
What are the future prospects in near future from a theoretical investigation of description logics, and modal logics in the context of artificial intelligence research?
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Did Turing foresee the required capabilities to pass the Turing test?
In Section 1.1 of Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, it is stated that a computer which passes the Turing Test would need 4 capabilities, and that these 4 capabilities comprise most of the ...
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How to mathematically/logically represent the sense of sentences like "The cat drinks milk"?
I am absolutely new in the AI area.
I would like to know how to mathematically/logically represent the sense of sentences like:
The cat drinks milk.
Sun is yellow.
I was at work yesterday.
So, that ...
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Training an AI to play Starcraft 2 with superhuman level of performance?
I'm interested in working on challenging AI problems, and after reading this article (https://deepmind.com/blog/deepmind-and-blizzard-open-starcraft-ii-ai-research-environment/) by DeepMind and ...
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As a starter: what is the form of training data for image processing
What we are doing in the image processing training. We are storing some form of data which is going to act as the knowledge or experience of the system.
In which form can the system store it's ...
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Answer Set Programming - Make a Fact INVALID
I have a question regarding Answer Set Programming on how to make an existing fact invalid, when there is already (also) a default statement present in the Knowledge Base.
For example, there are two ...
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What is the difference between logic-based and rule-based AI?
I always thought rule-based was synonymous with logic-based AI. Logic has axioms and rules of inference, whereas rule-based AI has a knowledge base (essentially, axioms) and if-then rules to create ...
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What is meant by "known" in "A knowledge-base exhibits complete knowledge if and only if, for every $P$, $P$ or $\neg P$ is known"?
I have a question as to what it means for a knowledge-base to be consistent and complete. I've been looking into non-monotonic logic and different formalisms for it from the book "Knowledge ...
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What roles knowledge bases play now and will play in the future?
Nowadays, artificial intelligence seems almost equal to machine learning, especially deep learning. Some have said that deep learning will replace human experts, traditionally very important for ...
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How do I translate these English sentences into first-order logic without quantifiers?
I have to translate the following English sentences into First-Order Logic without using quantifiers:
Everyone on flight 815 has a story.
No one knows what is inside the hatch.
Someone on the island ...
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What does Brooks mean by "representation"?
For a class, I'm reading Brooks' "Intelligence without representation". The introduction is dedicated to slating representation as a focus for AI development.
I've read that representation ...
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Given statements $A$ and $B$, are the formulae $(\lnot A) \land (\lnot B)$ and $(\lnot A) \lor (\lnot B)$ equivalent?
If I have 2 statements, say $A$ and $B$, from which I formed 2 formulae:
$f_1: (\lnot A) \land (\lnot B)$
$f_2: (\lnot A) \lor (\lnot B)$
Are $f_1$ and $f_2$ equivalent?
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Has any schema-agnostic database engine been implemented?
Has any schema-agnostic database engine been implemented?
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How could human behavior and relationships be implemented? [closed]
One of the most compelling issues regarding AI would be in behavior and relationships.
What are some of the methods to address this? For example, friendship, or laughing at joke? The concept of ...
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How can an AI system develop its domain knowledge? Is there more than just Machine Learning?
So machine learning allows a system to be self-automated in the sense that it can predict the future state based on what it has learned so far. My question is: Are machine learning techniques the only ...
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How would "wisdom" be defined in AI?
For years, I have been dealing with (and teaching) Knowledge Representation and Knowledge Representation languages. I just discovered that in another community (Information Systems and the such) there ...
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Is anybody still using Conceptual Dependency Theory?
Roger Schank did some interesting work on language processing with Conceptual Dependency (CD) in the 1970s. He then moved somewhat out of the field, being in Education these days. There were some ...
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Are there emergent models of time in robots?
I am interested in the emergence of properties in agents, and, more generally in robotics.
I was wondering if there is work on the emergence of time-related concepts, on the low-level representation ...
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