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Questions tagged [space-complexity]

For questions related to the space complexity analysis of artificial intelligence algorithms.

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Why the space complexity of depth-first search is O(bm)?

In "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach", the authors say that the space complexity of depth-first search is proportional to O(bm), considering b as the branching factor and m the ...
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Unable to understand Figure 3.13 Artificial Intelligence: a Modern Approach

I'm currently studying the functionality of BFS and the AIMA book shows . I am unable to replicate them using some trivial calculations. For example, if the BFS generates $10^6$ nodes per second and I ...
GABRIEL ÁNGEL CANALS SALLERAS's user avatar
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Instead of accumulating the gradient, can we accumulate loss values?

I have read and used Gradient Accumulation as a method to handle large batch size on smaller memory restrictions. It is described as following: ...
LSM's user avatar
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How would we get a good estimation of the asymptotic performance of machine learning algorithms?

The following question is from the webbook Neural Networks and Deep Learning by Michael Nielson: How do our machine learning algorithms perform in the limit of very large data sets? For any given ...
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What is the space complexity for training a neural network using back-propagation?

Suppose that a simple feedforward neural network (FFNN) contains $n$ hidden layers, $m$ training examples, $x$ features, and $n_l$ nodes in each layer. What is the space complexity to train this FFNN ...
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What is the space complexity of bidirectional search?

Is the space complexity of the bidirectional search, where the breadth-first search is used for both the forward and backward search, $O(b^{d/2})$, where $b$ is the branching factor and $d$ the length ...
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What is the space complexity of breadth-first search?

When using the breadth-first search algorithm, is the space complexity $O(b^d)$, where $b$ is the branching factor and $d$ the length of the optimal path (assuming that there is indeed one)?
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What is the space complexity of iterative deepening search?

When using iterative deepening, is the space complexity, $O(d)$, where $b$ is the branching factor and $d$ the length of the optimal path (assuming that there is indeed one)?
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What is the computational complexity of the forward pass of a convolutional neural network?

How do I determine the computational complexity (big-O notation) of the forward pass of a convolutional neural network? Let's assume for simplicity that we use zero-padding such that the input size ...
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What is the memory complexity of the memory-efficient attention in Reformer?

When I read the paper, Reformer: The Efficient Transformer, I cannot get the same complexity of the memory-efficient method in Table 1 (p. 5), which summarizes time/memory complexity of scaled dot-...
tsu's user avatar
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Why is the space-complexity of greedy best-first search is $\mathcal{O}(b^m)$?

I am reading through Artificial Intelligence: Modern Approach and it states that the space complexity of the GBFS (tree version) is $\mathcal{O}(b^m)$. While I am reading, at some points, I found ...
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