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1k views

If digital values are mere estimates, why not return to analog for AI?

The impetus behind the twentieth century transition from analog to digital circuitry was driven by the desire for greater accuracy and lower noise. Now we are developing software where results are ...
5k views

How to handle invalid moves in reinforcement learning?

I want to create an AI which can play five-in-a-row/gomoku. As I mentioned in the title, I want to use reinforcement learning for this. I use policy gradient method, namely REINFORCE, with baseline. ...
11k views

Do scientists know what is happening inside artificial neural networks?

Do scientists or research experts know from the kitchen what is happening inside complex "deep" neural network with at least millions of connections firing at an instant? Do they understand the ...
15k views

How does one start learning artificial intelligence?

I am a software engineering student and I am complete beginner to AI. I have read a lot of articles on how to start learning AI, but each article suggests a different way. I was wondering if some of ...
2k views

What are the minimum requirements to call something AI?

I believe artificial intelligence (AI) term is overused nowadays. For example, people see that something is self-moving and they call it AI, even if it's on autopilot (like cars or planes) or there is ...
5k views

How is it possible that deep neural networks are so easily fooled?

The following page/study demonstrates that the deep neural networks are easily fooled by giving high confidence predictions for unrecognisable images, e.g. How this is possible? Can you please ...
17k views

Why is Lisp such a good language for AI?

I've heard before from computer scientists and from researchers in the area of AI that that Lisp is a good language for research and development in artificial intelligence. Does this still apply, with ...
25k views

Why is Python such a popular language in the AI field?

First of all, I'm a beginner studying AI and this is not an opinion oriented question or one to compare programming languages. I'm not saying that is the best language. But the fact is that most of ...
1k views

What are the steps to follow to learn artificial intelligence? [closed]

I know nothing about AI. Can anybody tell me what steps I have to follow to learn artificial intelligence? Are there any special technologies, or anything else, I have to learn?
2k views

What is the difference between machine learning and deep learning?

Can someone explain to me the difference between machine learning and deep learning? Is it possible to learn deep learning without knowing machine learning?
587 views

Is the singularity concept mathematically flawed?

In Comes IQ When the concept of Intelligence Quotient arose it was based on this approximation. Each human being has a number that quantifies their intelligence relative to a fixed norm, and, ...
12k views

What is the difference between artificial intelligence and machine learning?

These two terms seem to be related, especially in their application in computer science and software engineering. Is one a subset of another? Is one a tool used to build a system for the other? ...
8k views

What is the time complexity for training a neural network using back-propagation?

Suppose that a NN contains $n$ hidden layers, $m$ training examples, $x$ features, and $n_i$ nodes in each layer. What is the time complexity to train this NN using back-propagation? I have a basic ...
3k views

What exactly are genetic algorithms and what sort of problems are they good for?

I've noticed that a few questions on this site mention genetic algorithms and it made me realize that I don't really know much about those. I have heard the term before, but it's not something I've ...
1k views

How are Artificial Neural Networks and the Biological Neural Networks similar and different?

I've heard multiple times that "Neural Networks are the best approximation we have to model the human brain", and I think it is commonly known that Neural Networks are modelled after our brain. I ...
5k views

How could self-driving cars make ethical decisions about who to kill?

Obviously, self-driving cars aren't perfect, so imagine that the Google car (as an example) got into a difficult situation. Here are a few examples of unfortunate situations caused by a set of events:...
1k views

To what extent can quantum computers help to develop Artificial Intelligence?

What aspects of quantum computers, if any, can help to further develop Artificial Intelligence?
500 views

Sources on the AI theory, philosophy, tools and applications

I am software/hardware engineer for many years now. However, I know nothing about AI and machine learning. I have a strong background in digital signal processing, and various programming languages (...
3k views

Is the Turing Test, or any of its variants, a reliable test of artificial intelligence?

The Turing Test was the first test of artificial intelligence and is now a bit outdated. The Total Turing Test aims to be a more modern test which requires a much more sophisticated system. What ...
835 views

What do I need to study for machine learning?

Starting from last year, I have been studying various subjects in order to understand some of the most important thesis of machine learning like S. Hochreiter, & J. Schmidhuber. (1997). Long ...
1k views

Problems that only humans will ever be able to solve

With the increasing complexity of reCAPTCHA, I wondered about the existence of some problem, that only a human will ever be able to solve (or that AI won't be able to solve as long as it doesn't ...
1k views

Could an AI feel emotions?

Assuming humans had finally developed the first humanoid AI based on the human brain, would It feel emotions? If not, would it still have ethics and/or morals?
578 views

The Singularity and future of civilisation

My understanding of the singularity is when artificial intelligence becomes "more intelligence" than humans. This will be achieved through machine learning where an; algorithm, neural network ? ...
523 views

What kind of education is required for researchers in AI?

Suppose my goal is to collaborate and create an advanced AI, for instance one that resembles a human being and the project would be on the frontier of AI research, what kind of skills would I need? I ...
118 views

What is the difference between a stochastic and a deterministic policy?

In reinforcement learning, there are the concepts of stochastic (or probabilistic) and deterministic policies. What is the difference between them?
6k views

What is the purpose of an activation function in Neural Networks?

It is said that activation functions in neural networks help introduce non-linearity. What does this mean? What does non-linearity mean in this context? How does introduction of this non-linearity ...
1k views

How could emotional intelligence be implemented?

I've seen emotional intelligence defined as the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically. What are some ...
401 views

How would an AI learn language?

I was think about AIs and how they would work, when I realised that I couldn't think of a way that an AI could be taught language. A child tends to learn language through associations of language and ...
1k views

How close are we to creating Ex Machina?

Are there any research teams which attempted to create or have already created an AI robot which can be as close to intelligent as these found in Ex Machina or I, Robot movies? I'm not talking about ...
489 views

Is topological sophistication necessary to the furtherance of AI?

The current machine learning trend is interpreted by some new to the disciplines of AI as meaning that MLPs, CNNs, and RNNs can exhibit human intelligence. It is true that these orthogonal structures ...
701 views

Which areas of applied math are relevant to AI?

My background is in electrical engineering. I have a good grasp of CS foundations (e.g. data structures, algorithms, operating systems, discrete math and software engineering). I have option of ...
411 views

What does “stationary” mean in the context of reinforcement learning?

I think I've seen the expressions "stationary data", "stationary dynamics" and "stationary policy", among others, in the context of reinforcement learning. What does it mean? I think stationary policy ...
666 views

What makes animal brain so special?

So this is an introductory question. Whenever I read any book about Neural Nets or Machine Learning, their introductory chapter says that we haven't been able to replicate the brain's power due to its ...
262 views

Can anyone suggest reference books to start with AI? Preferably, I am looking for books that provide source code in Java or Python.
522 views

Can an AI learn to suffer?

I had first this question in mind "Can an AI suffer?". Suffering is important for human beings. Imagine that you are damaging your heel. Without pain, you will continue to harm it. Same for an AI. But ...
786 views

What does “death” intuitively mean in the paper “Death and Suicide in Universal Artificial Intelligence”?

In the paper Death and Suicide in Universal Artificial Intelligence, a proposal is given for what death could mean for Artificial Intelligence. What does this mean using English only? I understand ...
395 views

Is transistor the first artificial intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence is any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal. I got this definition from Wikipedia that cited "Russell and ...
237 views

Is it possible to build human-brain-level artificial intelligence based on neuromorphic chips and neural networks?

I read a lot about the structure of the human brain and artificial neural networks. I wonder if it is possible to build an artificial intelligence with neural networks that would be divided into ...
6k views

What are the differences between A* and greedy best-first search?

What are the differences between the A* algorithm and the greedy best-first search algorithm? Which one should I use? Which algorithm is the better one, and why?
330 views

Can a brain be intelligent without a body?

A more formal implication of this question is whether intelligence requires a context. On Topic This question may have little value to the fields of data science or statistics, however it is of ...
4k views

What is the fringe in the context of search algorithms?

What is the fringe in the context of search algorithms?
130 views

What career paths should be avoided with the growth in AI?

Consider high school graduates entering higher education or the workforce, each making a decision about where to commit their efforts. History tells us an important story about choosing in a changing ...
267 views

Why are Q values updated according to the greedy policy?

Apparently, in the Q-learning algorithm, the Q values are not updated according to the "current policy", but according to a "greedy policy". Why is that the case? I think this is related to the fact ...
40k views

Could a paradox kill an AI?

In Portal 2 we see that AI's can be "killed" by thinking about a paradox. I assume this works by forcing the AI into an infinite loop which would essentially "freeze" the computer's consciousness. ...
27k views

How can neural networks deal with varying input sizes?

As far as I can tell, neural networks have a fixed number of neurons in the input layer. If neural networks are used in a context like NLP, sentences or blocks of text of varying sizes are fed to a ...
21k views

How does Hinton's “capsules theory” work?

Geoffrey Hinton has been researching something he calls "capsules theory" in neural networks. What is this and how does it work?
9k views

Are neural networks prone to catastrophic forgetting?

Imagine you show a neural network a picture of a lion 100 times and label with "dangerous", so it learns that lions are dangerous. Now imagine that previously you have shown it millions of images of ...
24k views

In a CNN, does each new filter have different weights for each input channel, or are the same weights of each filter used across input channels?

My understanding is that the convolutional layer of a convolutional neural network has four dimensions: input_channels, filter_height, filter_width, number_of_filters. Furthermore, it is my ...