# Tag Info

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The overestimation comes from the random initialisation of your Q-value estimates. Obviously these will not be perfect (if they were then we wouldn't need to learn the true Q-values!). In many value based reinforcement learning methods such as SARSA or Q-learning the algorithms involve a $\max$ operator in the construction of the target policy. The most ...

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From my interpretation what it means is that $p_t$ is the priority value associated with each transition and $p_t = max_{i<t} p_i$ means that the priority of transition number $t$ will be the maximum between the values of the priorities of the previous elements. Example: since $p_1$ is initialized to $1$, all the new experiences will be too: \begin{...

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In $Q$-learning there is what is known as a maximisation bias. That is because the update target is $r + \gamma \max_a Q(s,a)$. If you slightly overestimate your $Q$-value then this error gets compounded (there is a nice example in the Sutton and Barto book that illustrates this). The idea behind tabular double $Q$-learning is to have two $Q$-networks, $Q_1,... 1 You can reshape it to (12, H, W) using NumPy reshape function. By the way, this will only increase the complexity of this problem. If you want to practice RL then just get the idea from their code and try implementing on some other problem/game. 1 The loss function is designed in a way to approximate the bellman optimality for$Q^*(s,a)$. Given an optimal policy$\pi^*$,$Q^*(s,a)$satisfies the equation $$Q^*(s,a) = r(s) + \gamma max_{a'}\sum_{s'}P(s'|s,a)Q^*(s',a')$$ At convergence, the highest$Q$value that I can get taking action$a$in state$s$is equal to the reward I get for taking action$a$... 1 $$Y_{t}^{\text {DoubleDQN }} \equiv R_{t+1}+\gamma Q\left(S_{t+1}, \underset{a}{\operatorname{argmax}} Q\left(S_{t+1}, a ; \boldsymbol{\theta}_{t}\right), \boldsymbol{\theta}_{t}^{-}\right)$$ The only difference between the "original" DQN and this one is that you use your$Q_\text{est}$with the next state to get your action (by choosing the action ... 1 Both in DQN and in DDQN, the target network starts as an exact copy of the Q-network, that has the same weights, layers, input and output dimensions, etc., as the Q-network. The main idea of the DQN agent is that the Q-network predicts the Q-values of actions from a given state and selects the maximum of them and uses the mean squared error (MSE) as its cost/... 1 As the authors of this paper state it: In$Q\$-learning, the agent updates the value of executing an action in the current state, using the values of executing actions in a successive state. This procedure often results in an instability because the values change simultaneously on both sides of the update equation. A target network is a copy of the ...

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There is no thorough proof, theoretical or experimental that Double DQN is better then vanilla DQN. There are a lot of different tasks, paper and later experiments only explore some of them. What practitioner can take out of it is that on some tasks DDQN is better. That's the essence of Deep Mind's "Rainbow" approach - drop a lot of different methods into ...

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