# Tag Info

## Hot answers tagged long-short-term-memory

22

Your question is quite broad, but here are some tips. Specifically for LSTMs, see this Reddit discussion Does the number of layers in an LSTM network affect its ability to remember long patterns? The main point is that there is usually no rule for the number of hidden nodes you should use, it is something you have to figure out for each case by trial and ...

16

I'll list some bullet points of the main innovations introduced by transformers , followed by bullet points of the main characteristics of the other architectures you mentioned, so we can then compared them. Transformers Transformes (Attention is all you need) were introduced in the context of machine translation with the purpose to avoid recursion in order ...

14

How does this method differ from the experience replay, as they both use past information in the training? What's the typical application of both techniques? Using a recurrent neural network is one way for an agent to build a model of hidden or unobserved state in order to improve its predictions when direct observations do not give enough information, but ...

8

From nvidia www (https://developer.nvidia.com/discover/lstm): Accelerating Long Short-Term Memory using GPUs The parallel processing capabilities of GPUs can accelerate the LSTM training and inference processes. GPUs are the de-facto standard for LSTM usage and deliver a 6x speedup during training and 140x higher throughput during inference when compared ...

8

The selection of the number of hidden layers and the number of memory cells in LSTM probably depends on the application domain and context where you want to apply this LSTM. The optimal number of hidden units could be smaller than the number of inputs. AFAIK, there is no rule like multiply the number of inputs with $N$. If you have a lot of training ...

8

The two tech reports below both call RNNs explicitly "recurrent net(work)s". One of them predates the paper mentioned in the accepted answer. Rumelhart, David E; Hinton, Geoffrey E, and Williams, Ronald J (Sept. 1985). Learning internal representations by error propagation. Tech. rep. ICS 8504. San Diego, California: Institute for Cognitive Science, ...

7

I think there are two parts to answering this question. First, about the specific paper that has been mentioned. The paper's title is hyperbolic, and probably written that way to get more people to read it. The paper itself does not make the claim that attention-based networks will supplant existing recurrent network architectures. Instead, it makes a more ...

7

I would recommend to start by reading this blogpost. You can probably cannibalise the code to create a RNN that takes in one statement of a dialogue and then proceeds to output the answer to that statement. That would be the easy version of your project, all without word vectors and thought vectors. You are just inputting characters, so typos don't need to ...

7

An RNN or LSTM have the advantage of "remembering" the past inputs, to improve performance over prediction of a time-series data. If you use a neural network over like the past 500 characters, this may work but the network just treat the data as a bunch of data without any specific indication of time. The network can learn the time representation only ...

6

In general, there are no guidelines on how to determine the number of layers or the number of memory cells in an LSTM. The number of layers and cells required in an LSTM might depend on several aspects of the problem: The complexity of the dataset, such as the number of features, the number of data points, etc. The data-generating process. For example, ...

5

Your scenario is common. The most straightforward approach is to subsample your data randomly. Unless your data or your model has strong bias, your performance to the smaller data set should be comparable. The accuracy might be lower, but the purpose is to do quick sanity check.

5

It was difficult to find because recurrent network designs predate LSTM extensions of that earlier idea by decades. Although the term recurrent was not yet used as a primary description of the technology advancement, recurrence was an essential feature of the theoretical treatment of artificial networks that learned actions in Attractor dynamics and ...

5

The diagram you show works at least partially for describing both individual neurons and layers of those neurons. However, the "incoming" data lines on the left represent all inputs under consideration, typically a vector of all inputs to the cell. That includes all data from current time steps (from input layer or earlier LSTM or time-distributed layers) - ...

4

I found that there are cuDNN accelerated cells in Keras for example: https://keras.io/layers/recurrent/#cudnnlstm They very fast. The normal LSTM cells are faster on CPU then on GPU. Also see here for a comparisem: https://wiki.eniak.de/ml/geschwindigkeitsvergleich_keras_lstm_und_cudnnlstm

4

After doing a bit of research I found that the LSTM whose gates perform convolutions is called ConvLSTM. The term CNN LSTM is loose and may mean stacking up LSTM on top of CNN for tasks like video classification Reddit thread discussing this

4

Have a look at the paper Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network Architectures for Large Scale Acoustic Modeling (2014), where different LSTM architectures are compared. In the abstract, the authors write the following. We show that a two-layer deep LSTM RNN where each LSTM layer has a linear recurrent projection layer can exceed state-of-the-art ...

4

I would say that the logic behind the introduction was more empirical than technical. The only difference between LSTM and Bi-LSTM is the possibility for Bi-LSTM to leverage future context chunks to learn better representations of single words. There is no special training step or units added, the idea is just to read a sentence forward and backward to ...

3

So the equation that you mentioned is used during the backward pass in which back proppogation is performed in order to make the neural network more accurate. I think you are talking about the state during the forward pass which is completely different. In the forward pass, the neural network is simply run in order to evaluate or it is simply used as a model....

3

Can the decoder in a transformer model be parallelized like the encoder? The correct answer is: computation in a Transformer decoder can be parallelized during training, but not during actual translation (or, in a wider sense, generating output sequences for new input sequences during a testing phase). What exactly is parallelized? Also, it's worth ...

3

Instead of using the Embedding() layer directly, you can create a new bertEmbedding() layer and use it instead. # Sample code # Model architecture # Custom BERT layer bert_output = BertLayer(n_fine_tune_layers=10)(bert_inputs) # Build the rest of the classifier dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(256, activation='relu')(bert_output) pred = tf.keras.layers....

3

writing here my suggestion, because i haven't earned the right to comment yet. Your main "problem" could be your loss function. It converges, this is why your loss value is decreasing. So I suggest to let it maybe train longer. Alternatively you could change the loss function to fit your need. For example you could use: loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(...

3

Take the sentence that was generated by your LSTM and feed it back into the LSTM as input. Then the LSTM will generate the next sentence. So the LSTM is using it's previous output as it's input. That's what makes it recursive. The intial word is just your base case. Also you should consider using GPT2 by open AI to do this. It's pretty impressive. https://...

3

The sentences coming from the same document, author, etc., are unlikely to be independent, that is, the occurrence of a sentence $s_i$ in a certain document $d$ is likely correlated with the occurrence of another sentence $s_j$. If they are not independent, they can also not be independent and identically distributed (which is a stronger condition). The same ...

3

GPUs are able to execute a huge amount of similar and simple instructions (floating point operations like addition and multiplication) in parallel. In contrast to a CPU which is able to execute a few complex tasks sequentially very quick. Therefore GPUs are very good at doing vector & matrix operations. If you look at the operations performed inside a ...

3

Actually, there is usually an upper bound for inputs of transformers, due to the inability of handling long-sequence. Usually, the value is set as 512 or 1024 at current stage. However, if you are asking handling the various input size, adding padding token such as [PAD] in BERT model is a common solution. The position of [PAD] token could be masked in self-...

3

Yes, there are different ways. What I think you are looking for is under the research field of Localization and Mapping. Which divides in the following subfields: For getting current (the robot) position and trajectory go to models for Odometry Estimation For getting a representation of the world around the robot go to models for Mapping If you want both of ...

2

This might work for your case but isn't necessarily true and depends on how much data the network goes through in an iteration. You should be able to test this by making a small change and training until 100 iterations and seeing if the performance significantly changes and if it can be predicted from the 20th iteration. Another way which may work for you ...

2

So you want your network to represent those 3 values at each step as single composite value? I can't think of any better way than utilizing 3 LSTM units but attaching them to same write and read nodes of the enclosing network. In other words your assumption that it makes sense to keep all those 3 values together, gets hardcoded into your network by making 6 ...

2

These newer RNNs (LSTMs and GRUs) have greater memory control, allowing previous values to persist or to be reset as necessary for many sequences of steps, avoiding "gradient decay" or eventual degradation of the values passed from step to step. LSTM and GRU networks make this memory control possible with memory blocks and structures called "gates" that pass ...

2

Structure of LSTM Networks [Are] units/neurons in the hidden layers ... referred to as memory blocks and each memory block can contain multiple memory cells? Although an early guess at the way biological neurons work inspired the Perceptron design that later became multilayer (MLP) and then recurrent (RNN), these artificial network building blocks are not ...

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