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I am currently implementing the Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO) Algorithm, based on the paper: Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm: A Novel Nature-inspired Heuristic Paradigm.

To calculate the values of the Moths, it uses two arrays of values, which contain upper and lower values for each variable. However, as far as I can see. it mentions nothing about what these values are. Quoting from the paper:

As can be seen, there are two other arrays called $ub$ and $lb$. These matrixes define the upper and lower bounds of the variables as follows:

$ub = [ub_1, ub_2, ub_3, \dots,ub_{n-1}, ub_n]$

where $ub_i$ indicates the upper bound of the $i$-th variable.

$lb = [lb_1, lb_2, lb_3, \dots, ub_{n-1}, ub_n]$

where $lb_i$ indicates the lower bound of the $i$-th variable

After that, it says nothing more about this matter

So, if anyone has any idea of how these bound values are determined, please tell me!

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  • $\begingroup$ I didn't read the paper and I don't have time to read it to help you more now, but if you don't get an answer, you should probably look at an available implementation of MFO online, for example, this or this. I have no idea of the quality of the implementations, so I can't guarantee that they are even correct or contain the answer to your question. $\endgroup$
    – nbro
    Commented Oct 13, 2020 at 21:08

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