In the caption of figure 7.4 (p. 147) of Sutton & Barto's book (2nd edition), it's written
The one-step method strengthens only the last action of the sequence of actions that led to the high reward, whereas the n-step method strengthens the last n actions of the sequence, so that much more is learned from the one episode.
Why does one-step TD strengthen only the last action of the sequence of actions that led to the high reward, while n-step TD the last n actions?
Here's a screenshot of the figure.